Urolithin A

Urolithin A is a naturally occurring compound produced by the metabolism in the body of vegetable tannins (ellagic acid and ellagitannins) found in food. It is also a mitochondrial modulator, regulating mitochondrial function in hematopoietic stem cells, as well as restoring blood regeneration in aging hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, Urolithin A is a ligand for the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), which promotes the anti-tumor function of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in an AhR-independent manner. Moreover, Urolithin A directly binds to ERK1/2 kinase, enhances its activation, and subsequently phosphorylates and activates the autophagy initiation factor ULK1, thereby promoting autophagy.